Laurence Sterne

Endlessly digressive, boundlessly imaginative and unmatched in its absurd and timeless witLaurence Sterne's great masterpiece of bawdy humour and rich satire defies any attempt to categorize it, with a rich metafictional narrative that might classify it as the first 'postmodern' novel. Part novel, part digression, its gloriously disordered narrative interweaves the birth and life of the unfortunate 'hero' Tristram Shandy, the eccentric philosophy of his father Walter, the amours and military obsessions of Uncle Toby, and a host of other characters, including Dr Slop, Corporal Trim and the parson Yorick. A joyful celebration of the endless possibilities of the art of fiction, Tristram Shandy is also a wry demonstration of its limitations. The text and notes of this volume are based on the acclaimed Florida Edition, with a critical introduction by Melvyn New and Christopher Ricks's introductory essay from the first Penguin Classics edition.

A furiously witty response to Tobias Smollett's curmudgeonly 'Travels through France and Italy', Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy became a hugely influential work of travel writing in its own right. This Penguin Classics edition includes an introduction and notes by Paul Goring.When Yorick, the roving narrator of Sterne's innovative final novel, sets off for France on a whim, he produces no ordinary travelogue. Jolting along in his coach from Calais, through Paris, and on towards the Italian border, the amiable parson is blithely unconcerned by famous views or monuments, but he engages us with tales of his encounters with all manner of people, from counts and noblewomen to beggars and chambermaids. And as drama piles upon drama, anecdote, flirtation and digression, Yorick's destination takes second place to an exhilarating voyage of emotional and erotic exploration. Interweaving sharp wit with warm humour and irony with genuine feeling, A Sentimental Journey paints a captivating picture of an Englishman's adventures abroad.In his introduction, Paul Goring discusses Sterne's literary career and his semi-autobiographical depiction of Yorick, and sets the novel within the context of eighteenth-century travel writing and the vogue of sentimental fiction. This edition also includes a chronology, updated further reading and notes.Laurence Sterne (1713-1768) graduated from Cambridge in 1737 and took holy orders, becoming a prebend in York Cathedral. His masterpiece, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman made him a celebrity but ill-health necessitated recuperative travel and A Sentimental Journey grew out of a seven-month trip through France and Italy. He died the year it was published, 1768.If you enjoyed A Sentimental Journey, you might like Sterne's The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, also available in Penguin Classics.

Tristram Shandy provoked a literary sensation when it first appeared in a series of installments between 1759 and 1767. The ribald, high-spirited book prompted Diderot to hail Sterne as 'the English Rabelais.' An ingeniously structured novel (about writing a novel) that fascinates like a verbal game of chess, Tristram Shandy is both a joyful celebration of the infinite possibilities of the art of fiction and a wry demonstration of its limitations. Many view this picaresque masterpiece as the precursor of the modern novel.A Sentimental Journey, which came out in 1768, begins as a travelogue. Yet it ends as a treasury of portraits, sketches, and philosophical musings, for as Virginia Woolf observed: 'A Sentimental Journey, for all its levity and wit, is based upon something fundamentally philosophic--the philosophy of pleasure.'

Celebrated in its own day as the progenitor of 'a school of sentimental writers', A Sentimental Journey (1768) has outlasted its many imitators because of the humour and mischievous eroticism that inform Mr Yorick's travels. Setting out to journey to France and Italy he gets little further than Lyons but finds much to appreciate, in contrast to contemporary travel writers whom Sterne satirizes in the figures of Smelfungus and Mundungus. A master of ambiguity and double entendre, Sterne is nevertheless as concerned as his peers with exploring the nature of virtue; unlike other writers of sentimental fiction Sterne insists on the inseparability of desire and feeling. This new edition includes a selection from The Sermons of Mr Yorick, which shed light on the concerns of the Journey, The Journal to Eliza, which records Sterne's feelings as he languishes for the company of Eliza Draper, and A Political Romance, the satire on a local ecclesiastical squabble that was the catalyst for Sterne's literary career. About the Series: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the broadest spectrum of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, voluminous notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

"I have laid a plan for something new, quite out of the beaten track." The result, A Sentimental Journey is as far from the conventional travel book as Tristram Shandy is from other novels. This volume includes the journal Sterne wrote for Eliza Draper which is essential reading for anyoneinterested in the development of his comic and satiric genius.

Il progenitore di tutti i romanzi d'avanguardia del nostro secolo fu senza dubbio il settecentesco Tristram Shandy di Laurence Sterne. Ma questo progenitore aveva avuto a sua volta un precursore, sia pure in formato ridotto e a distanza ravvicinata: nel 1769, pochi mesi prima di dar via libera col Shandy al suo estro di romanziere sperimentale avanti-lettera (nonché di padre-fondatore dello humour inglese), il reverendo Sterne, allora oscuro ecclesiastico anglicano nello Yorkshire, aveva dato alle stampe un pamphlet, per intervenire in una polemica diocesana sull'attribuzione d'alcune cariche e prebende. Ed è in questo libello (dal titolo ironicamente pomposo di Political Romance) che Sterne da per la prima volta prova di quell'inventiva di scrittura che lo portava a costruire i suoi testi come scatole a sorpresa o trappole o ragnatele sospese sul vuoto. Il pretesto non poteva essere più meschino: gli intrighi d'un avvocato faccendiere che per assicurarsi alcuni piccoli privilegi pescava nel torbido delle rivalità tra l'Arcivescovo di York e il Decano della Cattedrale; una diatriba in cui anche Sterne era coinvolto in quanto una delle cariche ambite dal faccendiere era toccata invece a lui. Per trasfigurare questo garbuglio d'infime ambizioni in un racconto «a chiave», Sterne lo sposta su un livello ancor più triviale: arcivescovo, decano e avvocato diventano parroco, chierico e sacrestano d'una sperduta parrocchia e anziché di cariche ecclesiastiche si disputa sul possesso d'un tabarro tarlato e d'un paio di brache consunte. La relazione di questi fatti sotto forma epistolare comporta vari sconvolgimenti nella loro successione cronologica, e il poscritto che vi si aggiunge v'introduce anche la dimensione temporale del presente in atto. Il tutto accompagnato da citazioni di documenti che richiedono l'inserimento di stili e di corpi tipografici diversi. Ma la vera trovata è un'appendice in cui il testo viene discusso in un club e, riconosciuto come un romanzo a chiave, viene sottoposto a una serie di tentativi d'interpretazione, quale allegoria degli Stati d'Europa (da ciò il titolo di Romanzo politico o satira delle varie professioni. Stampato in una tiratura di 500 esemplari fatta subito distruggere perché giudicata irrispettosa per la Chiesa, quest'opera prima di Sterne è stata riscoperta in una copia superstite solo pochi anni fa.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

In annotated texts based on those of the acclaimed Florida Edition of The Works of Laurence Sterne , this edition features the two works Sterne produced in the final year of his illness-plagued the witty, bawdy, pathetic, and thoughtful A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy ; and Continuation of the Bramine's Journal , Sterne's correspondence to a twenty-two-year-old married Englishwoman living in India ("a Diary," as he put it, "of the miserable feelings of a person separated from a Lady for whose Society he languish'd"). Together, these mutually illuminating works offer rich insight into their author's hopes, fears, loves, longings, and philosophy as he prepared to face death and judgment. Excerpts from related texts provide context for understanding the title works in relation to the earlier writings and life of this exuberant yet subtle genius of eighteenth-century English literature.

This comprehensive eBook presents the complete works of Laurence Sterne, with numerous illustrations, informative introductions and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1)* Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Sterne's life and works* Concise introductions to the novels and other texts* ALL the novels sermons and letters, with individual contents tables* Images of how the books were first printed, giving your eReader a taste of the original texts* Excellent formatting of the texts* Includes Sterne's JOURNAL TO ELIZA, discovered many years after his death – appearing here for the first time in digital print* Rare non-fiction texts often missed out of collections* Features two biographies - discover Sterne's literary life* Scholarly ordering of texts into chronological order and literary genresPlease visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of exciting titlesCONTENTS:The Satires and NovelsA POLITICAL ROMANCETHE LIFE AND OPINIONS OF TRISTRAM SHANDYA SENTIMENTAL JOURNEYThe SermonsTHE SERMONS OF LAURENCE STERNEThe LettersLETTERS FROM YORICK TO ELIZAORIGINAL LETTERS OF THE LATE REVEREND MR. LAURENCE STERNELETTERS OF THE LATE REV. MR. LAURENCE STERNE TO HIS MOST INTIMATE FRIENDSThe Non-FictionJOURNAL TO ELIZAYORICK’S MEDITATIONS UPON VARIOUS INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT SUBJECTSEXPLANATORY REMARKS UPON THE LIFE AND OPINIONS OF TRISTRAM SHANDY: WHEREIN, THE MORALS AND POLITICS OF THIS PIECE ARE CLEARLY LAID OPEN, BY JEREMIAH KUNASTROKIUS, M.D.THE BEAUTIES OF STERNEThe BiographiesMEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND FAMILY OF THE LATE REVEREND MR. LAURENCE STERNE, WRITTEN BY HIMSELFSTERNE by H.D. TraillPlease visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of exciting titles

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface.We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

In 1904, Wilbur L. Cross published for the first time Sterne's journal and letters written in the last year of Sterne's life.

O 'Diário para Eliza' foi escrito originalmente em 1767 e é dirigido a Elizabeth Draper (1744-1778), uma das suas paixões desse ano. O manuscrito do diário manteve-se inédito até 1904. Os outros dois textos foram escritos no início de 1759, imediatamente antes de Sterne começar o 'Tristram Shandy'.

Laurence Sterne fue a Francia en la más estricta tradición del viajero superviviente, necesitado de un clima suave que le alejara de esa cita indeseada que una severa hemorragia pulmonar había amenazado con anticipar. Y extrajo, de ese viaje, este libro elegantísimo que nos permite ver la delicada complejidad de su pensamiento, donde el escritor vence su peculiar batalla con la vida y sus límites y se prolonga, en el tiempo, a través de su obra. El viaje es una lucha... y una obvia metáfora por la que el ser humano, al cambiar su vida de sitio, trata de imponerse al recuerdo de que es mortal, escribe Elías Canetti acerca del sentimiento de invulnerabilidad y de los dos caminos que cabe tomar para uno es alejarse del peligro; el otro, ir en su busca.Edición de Jesús del Campo.

Сборник отражает жанровое и стилевое многообразие творческого наследия классика английской литературы XVIII столетия Лоренса Стерна. В него вошли "Сентиментальное путешествие по Франции и Италии" - один из центральных памятников европейского сентиментализма, главы из девятитомного романа "Жизнь и мнения Тристрама Шенди, джентльмена", а также "Дневник для Элизы", мемуары и обширное эпистолярное наследие писателя. Издание сопровождается предисловием и комментариями к тексту. Оно предназначено для широких кругов читателей, владеющих английским языком.

Naratorul, reverendul Yorick, un alter ego travestit al autorului, descrie aventurile palpitante, de cele mai multe ori amoroase - traite pe parcursul voiajului sau prin Franta si Italia. Desi poate fi citita ca un epilog al romanului Viata si opiniunile lui Tristram Shandy, gentleman, cartea este scrisa intr-o maniera mai putin excentrica si mult mai eleganta, mai amuzanta, fiind chiar mai bine primita de criticii contemporani. Jurnalul pentru Eliza - Un document emotionant, expresie a unei sensibilitati aparte, care poarta amprenta unei nedisimulate suferinte, nu atat morale, cat fizice, cunoscut fiind faptul ca, nu dupa mult timp de la scrierea lui, Sterne a fost rapus de tuberculoza.

Сборник отражает жанровое и стилевое многообразие творческого наследия классика английской литературы XVIII столетия Лоренса Стерна. В него вошли "Сентиментальное путешествие по Франции и Италии" - один из центральных памятников европейского сентиментализма, главы из девятитомного романа "Жизнь и мнения Тристрама Шенди, джентльмена", а также "Дневник для Элизы", мемуары и обширное эпистолярное наследие писателя. Издание сопровождается предисловием и комментариями к тексту.

Dopo il Tristram Shandy, originale opera che reinventava i canoni della narrazione, Laurence Sterne pubblicò nel 1768, un mese prima di morire, A sentimental journey through France and Italy, che incontrò immediatamente uno straordinario successo tra i suoi contemporanei. Se da un punto di vista formale l’opera risulta meno innovativa rispetto al romanzo, per quanto riguarda i contenuti, Sterne dà un altro saggio della sua inventiva, unendo la satira verso il genere all’attenzione per dettagli marginali fino ad allora trascurati nei resoconti di viaggio.Foscolo tradusse l’opera nel 1805 mentre si trovava a Calais nelle fila dell’esercito napoleonico, per poi pubblicarla nel 1813 firmandosi con lo pseudonimo di Didimo Chierico, col quale anticipava un ritratto di sé che illustrerà successivamente nella Notizia, dove il personaggio tragico dell’Ortis cede il posto all’uomo maturo che guarda alle cose del mondo con più distacco e ironia.

Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden Leaf Printing on round Spine (extra customization on request like complete leather, Golden Screen printing in Front, Color Leather, Colored book etc.) Reprinted in 2022 with the help of original edition published long back [1931]. This book is printed in black & white, sewing binding for longer life, Printed on high quality Paper, re-sized as per Current standards, professionally processed without changing its contents. As these are old books, we processed each page manually and make them readable but in some cases some pages which are blur or missing or black spots. If it is multi volume set, then it is only single volume, if you wish to order a specific or all the volumes you may contact us. We expect that you will understand our compulsion in these books. We found this book important for the readers who want to know more about our old treasure so we brought it back to the shelves. Hope you will like it and give your comments and suggestions. - French, Pages 224. EXTRA 10 DAYS APART FROM THE NORMAL SHIPPING PERIOD WILL BE REQUIRED FOR LEATHER BOUND BOOKS. COMPLETE LEATHER WILL COST YOU EXTRA US$ 25 APART FROM THE LEATHER BOUND BOOKS. {FOLIO EDITION IS ALSO AVAILABLE.} Complete La vie et les opinions de Tristram Shandy ; Le voyage sentimental / Laurence Sterne ; traduction de Frénais - de Bonnay ; introduction, extraits et notes par Paul de Reul 1931 Sterne, Laurence (-).

The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars.Western literary study flows out of eighteenth-century works by Alexander Pope, Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, Frances Burney, Denis Diderot, Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and others. Experience the birth of the modern novel, or compare the development of language using dictionaries and grammar discourses.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition ++++British LibraryT014772Vols. 1-2 translated by J. P. Frénais; the "avis du traducteur" to vols. 3-4 unsigned. Vols. 3-4 1785. The imprint is false; published in Paris by Hubert Martin Cazin. In this edition there is a printer's ornament above the imprint in vol. 1 and in vols. 2-4 the ornament above the imprints is floral.Londres [i.e. Paris : published by Hubert Martin Cazin], 1784-85. 4v.,plates : port. ; 18°

A forerunner of psychological fiction, and considered a landmark work for its innovative use of narrative devices, Sterne's topsy-turvy novel was both celebrated and vilified when first published. Originally released in nine separate volumes, it is in effect an exercise about the difficulties of writing. Impossible to categorize, it remains a beguiling milestone in the history of literature.

Excerpt from A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, Vol. 1- You have been in France? (aid my gentleman, turning quick upon me with the mofl civil triumph in the world - Strange! Quoth I, de.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This book, newly updated , contains now several HTML tables of contents that will make reading a real pleasure!The first table of contents (at the very beginning of the ebook) lists the titles of all novels included in this volume. By clicking on one of those titles you will be redirected to the beginning of that work, where you'll find a new TOC that lists all the chapters and sub-chapters of that specific work.Here you will find the complete novels of Laurence Sterne in the chronological order of their original publication.- Tristram Shandy- A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy

Laurence Sterne zum 250. Michael Walters Übersetzung sämtlicher Briefe Sternes, erstmals auf deutsch und weltweit am vollständigsten."Der freieste Schriftsteller aller Zeiten" (Friedrich Nietzsche), "Der Paganini der Abschweifungen" (Harry Rowohlt), "Der schönste Geist, der je gewirkt hat" (Goethe) – ungezählt sind die Verneigungen, Kniefälle und Lobeshymnen auf den Erfinder des modernen Romans. Autoren von Lessing bis Diderot, von Sigmund Freud bis Nabokov, von Borges bis Mann, von Marias bis Arno Schmidt, von Rushdie bis Calvino verehrten ihn und lernten von ihm.Sternes Romane lesen sich heute noch so modern, überraschend und unglaublich komisch wie vor 200 Jahren und sind seit Erscheinen Grundbestand jedes guten Bücherschranks. außer dem Ewigkeitsklassiker Tristram Shandy und der Empfindsamen Reise gab es seit langer Zeit kaum etwas von ihm zu lesen. Und das, obwohl es einige kleine wunderbare Nebenwerke, und nachgelassene Schriften gab – und er zudem als einer der großen Briefautoren seiner Zeit gilt.Michael Walter, der in diesem Jahr mit dem Europäischen Übersetzerpreis ausgezeichnet wird, hat nicht nur seine bisher bestehenden Übersetzungen nochmals überarbeitet – er hat auch Werke wie das Fragment in der Art des Rabelais, das Journal für Eliza, Sternes Selberlebensbeschreibung und alle Briefe Sternes (auf die dieser z.T. großen literarischen Ehrgeiz verwendete) ins Deutsche übertragen.Sterne, endlich (und erstmals) in seiner ganzen literarischen Breite!

A Mystery with a Moral (in The Lock and Key Library )In the six volumes of the Library of the World's Best Mystery and Detective Stories, Julian Hawthorne presents us thrilling and mysterious short stories from all corners of the world. Some of the stories appeared in this collection for the first time translated into English, and many of them come from unexpected sources, such as the letters of Pliny the Younger, or a Tibetan manuscript. In the third volume, we find stories written by English and Irish authors. (Summary by Leni)

A sentimental journey through France and Italy. Laurence Sterne Gale, Sabin Americana Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography, Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s. Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more.Sabin Americana offers an up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere, encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts, newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and more.Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of original works are available via print-on-demand, making them readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars, and readers of all ages.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition ++++ Huntington Library SABCP00486502 CTRG10176335-B 17680101 Selected Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to America 2 v. ; 15 cm. (8vo)

Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden Leaf Printing on round Spine (extra customization on request like complete leather, Golden Screen printing in Front, Color Leather, Colored book etc.) Reprinted in 2018 with the help of original edition published long back [1898]. This book is printed in black & white, sewing binding for longer life, printed on high quality Paper, re-sized as per Current standards, professionally processed without changing its contents. As these are old books, we processed each page manually and make them readable but in some cases some pages which are blur or missing or black spots. If it is multi volume set, then it is only single volume, if you wish to order a specific or all the volumes you may contact us. We expect that you will understand our compulsion in these books. We found this book important for the readers who want to know more about our old treasure so we brought it back to the shelves. Hope you will like it and give your comments and suggestions. - eng, Pages 454. EXTRA 10 DAYS APART FROM THE NORMAL SHIPPING PERIOD WILL BE REQUIRED FOR LEATHER BOUND BOOKS. COMPLETE LEATHER WILL COST YOU EXTRA US$ 25 APART FROM THE LEATHER BOUND BOOKS. {FOLIO EDITION IS ALSO AVAILABLE.} Complete A sentimental journey through France & Italy by Laurence Sterne. With illustrations by T. H. Robinson. 1898 Sterne, Laurence, -.

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A sentimental journey through France and Italy. Laurence Sterne Gale, Sabin Americana Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography, Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s. Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more.Sabin Americana offers an up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere, encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts, newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and more.Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of original works are available via print-on-demand, making them readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars, and readers of all ages.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition ++++ Huntington Library SABCP00486501 CTRG10176335-B 17680101 Selected Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to America 2 v. ; 15 cm. (8vo)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.