Clayton M. Christensen

The bestselling classic on disruptive innovation, by renowned author Clayton M. Christensen. His work is cited by the world’s best-known thought leaders, from Steve Jobs to Malcolm Gladwell. In this classic bestseller—one of the most influential business books of all time—innovation expert Clayton Christensen shows how even the most outstanding companies can do everything right—yet still lose market leadership. Christensen explains why most companies miss out on new waves of innovation. No matter the industry, he says, a successful company with established products will get pushed aside unless managers know how and when to abandon traditional business practices. Offering both successes and failures from leading companies as a guide, The Innovator’s Dilemma gives you a set of rules for capitalizing on the phenomenon of disruptive innovation. Sharp, cogent, and provocative—and consistently noted as one of the most valuable business ideas of all time—The Innovator’s Dilemma is the book no manager, leader, or entrepreneur should be without.

The foremost authority on innovation and growth presents a path-breaking book every company needs to transform innovation from a game of chance to one in which they develop products and services customers not only want to buy, but are willing to pay premium prices for.How do companies know how to grow? How can they create products that they are sure customers want to buy? Can innovation be more than a game of hit and miss? Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen has the answer. A generation ago, Christensen revolutionized business with his groundbreaking theory of disruptive innovation. Now, he goes further, offering powerful new insights.After years of research, Christensen has come to one critical conclusion: our long held maxim—that understanding the customer is the crux of innovation—is wrong. Customers don’t buy products or services; they "hire" them to do a job. Understanding customers does not drive innovation success, he argues. Understanding customer jobs does. The "Jobs to Be Done" approach can be seen in some of the world’s most respected companies and fast-growing startups, including Amazon, Intuit, Uber, Airbnb, and Chobani yogurt, to name just a few. But this book is not about celebrating these successes—it’s about predicting new ones.Christensen contends that by understanding what causes customers to "hire" a product or service, any business can improve its innovation track record, creating products that customers not only want to hire, but that they’ll pay premium prices to bring into their lives. Jobs theory offers new hope for growth to companies frustrated by their hit and miss efforts.This book carefully lays down Christensen’s provocative framework, providing a comprehensive explanation of the theory and why it is predictive, how to use it in the real world—and, most importantly, how not to squander the insights it provides.

How do you lead a fulfilling life? That profound question animates this book of inspiration and insight from world-class business strategist and bestselling author of The Innovator's Dilemma, Clayton Christensen.After beating a heart attack, advanced-stage cancer and a stroke in three successive years, the world-renowned innovation expert and author of one of the best selling and most influential business books of all time The Innovator's Dilemma Clayton M. Christensen delivered a short but powerful speech to the Harvard Business School graduating class. He presented a set of personal guidelines that have helped him find meaning and happiness in his life- a challenge even the brightest and most motivated of students find daunting.Akin to The Last Lecture in its revelatory perspective following life-altering events, that speech subsequently became a hugely popular article in the Harvard Business Review and is now a groundbreaking book, putting forth a series of questions and models for success that have long been applied in the world of business, but also can be used to find cogent answers to pressing life questions: How can I be sure that I?ll find satisfaction in my career? How can I be sure that my relationships with my spouse, my family and my close friends become enduring sources of happiness? How can I avoid compromising my integrity (and stay out of jail)?How Will You Measure Your Life is a highly original, surprising book from a singular business figure. Its a book sure to inspire and educate readers,companies and individuals, students of business, mid-career professionals, and even parents the world over.

A seminal work by bestselling author Clayton M. Christensen, now updated with fresh examples.In the international bestseller The Innovator’s Dilemma, Clayton Christensen exposed the Achilles’ heel of many companies: by ignoring the disruptive technologies that evolve to displace them, they help initiate their own demise. In The Innovator’s Solution, Christensen and Michael Raynor take the idea of disruption one step further—explaining how companies can and should become disruptors themselves.Now with several new chapters and updated cases, this revised and expanded edition shows how timely and relevant these ideas continue to be in today’s hyper-accelerated business environment. Christensen (author of the award-winning Harvard Business Review article, “How Will You Measure Your Life?”), Raynor, and new coauthor Derek van Bever give advice on the business decisions crucial to achieving truly disruptive growth and propose guidelines for developing your own disruptive growth engine.Citing in-depth research and theories tested in hundreds of companies across many industries, The Innovator’s Solution is an important addition to any innovation library and an essential read for entrepreneurs and business builders.Published by Harvard Business Review Press.

Every day, individuals take action based on how they believe innovation will change industries. Yet these beliefs are largely based on guesswork and incomplete data and lead to costly errors in judgment. Now, internationally renowned innovation expert Clayton M. Christensen and his research partners Scott D. Anthony and Erik A. Roth present a groundbreaking framework for predicting outcomes in the evolution of any industry. Based on proven theories outlined in Christensen's landmark books The Innovator's Dilemma and The Innovator's Solution, Seeing What's Next offers a practical, three-part model that helps decision-makers spot the signals of industry change, determine the outcome of competitive battles, and assess whether a firm's actions will ensure or threaten future success. Through in-depth case studies of industries from aviation to health care, the authors illustrate the predictive power of innovation theory in action.

"Uncomfortable." "Intimidating." That's how many people describe member missionary work. Clayton Christensen admits that he and his wife, Christine, felt that way in the past too. But they also recognized the tremendous blessings associated with the work, and they wanted to learn how to share the gospel in ways that would be natural and rewarding. Clayton's expertise as an innovator kicked in, and he set out with friends and family members to find a more effective approach to member missionary work. Their refreshing perspectives are presented in this book, which includes inspiring, unusual stories that demonstrate the effectiveness of the ideas. Chances are, you'll discover you're already doing a lot of the things mentioned, and with just a little tweak here and there, you'll be sharing the gospel naturally as part of your everyday interactions. Along the way, you'll feel the deep joy that comes from helping others discover the most precious blessing in the world: the gospel of Jesus Christ.

Selected as one of the "Best Books on Innovation, 2008" by BusinessWeek magazine Named the "Best Human-Capital Book of 2008" by Strategy + Business magazine A crash course in the business of learning-from the bestselling author of The Innovator's Dilemma and The Innovator's Solution … "Provocatively titled, Disrupting Class is just what America's K-12 education system needs--a well thought-through proposal for using technology to better serve students and bring our schools into the 21st Century. Unlike so many education 'reforms,' this is not small-bore stuff. For that reason alone, it's likely to be resisted by defenders of the status quo, even though it's necessary and right for our kids.We owe it to them to make sure this book isn't merely a terrific read; it must become a blueprint for educational transformation."--Joel Klein, Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education “A brilliant teacher, Christensen brings clarity to a muddled and chaotic world of education.”--Jim Collins, bestselling author of Good to Great According to recent studies in neuroscience, the way we learn doesn't always match up with the way we are taught. If we hope to stay competitive-academically, economically, and technologically-we need to rethink our understanding of intelligence, reevaluate our educational system, and reinvigorate our commitment to learning. In other words, we need “disruptive innovation.” Now, in his long-awaited new book, Clayton M. Christensen and coauthors Michael B. Horn and Curtis W. Johnson take one of the most important issues of our time-education-and apply Christensen's now-famous theories of “disruptive” change using a wide range of real-life examples. Whether you're a school administrator, government official, business leader, parent, teacher, or entrepreneur, you'll discover surprising new ideas, outside-the-box strategies, and straight-A success stories. You'll learn how

Clayton M. Christensen, the author of such business classics as The Innovator’s Dilemma and the New York Times bestseller How Will You Measure Your Life, and co-authors Efosa Ojomo and Karen Dillon reveal why so many investments in economic development fail to generate sustainable prosperity, and offers a groundbreaking solution for true and lasting change.Global poverty is one of the world’s most vexing problems. For decades, we’ve assumed smart, well-intentioned people will eventually be able to change the economic trajectory of poor countries. From education to healthcare, infrastructure to eradicating corruption, too many solutions rely on trial and error. Essentially, the plan is often to identify areas that need help, flood them with resources, and hope to see change over time.But hope is not an effective strategy.Clayton M. Christensen and his co-authors reveal a paradox at the heart of our approach to solving poverty. While noble, our current solutions are not producing consistent results, and in some cases, have exacerbated the problem. At least twenty countries that have received billions of dollars’ worth of aid are poorer now.Applying the rigorous and theory-driven analysis he is known for, Christensen suggests a better way. The right kind of innovation not only builds companies—but also builds countries. The Prosperity Paradox identifies the limits of common economic development models, which tend to be top-down efforts, and offers a new framework for economic growth based on entrepreneurship and market-creating innovation. Christensen, Ojomo, and Dillon use successful examples from America’s own economic development, including Ford, Eastman Kodak, and Singer Sewing Machines, and shows how similar models have worked in other regions such as Japan, South Korea, Nigeria, Rwanda, India, Argentina, and Mexico.The ideas in this book will help companies desperate for real, long-term growth see actual, sustainable progress where they’ve failed before. But The Prosperity Paradox is more than a business book; it is a call to action for anyone who wants a fresh take for making the world a better and more prosperous place.

A groundbreaking prescription for health care reform--from a legendary leader in innovation . . . Our health care system is in critical condition. Each year, fewer Americans can afford it, fewer businesses can provide it, and fewer government programs can promise it for future generations. We need a cure, and we need it now. Harvard Business School’s Clayton M. Christensen―whose bestselling The Innovator’s Dilemma revolutionized the business world―presents The Innovator’s Prescription , a comprehensive analysis of the strategies that will improve health care and make it affordable. Christensen applies the principles of disruptive innovation to the broken health care system with two pioneers in the field―Dr. Jerome Grossman and Dr. Jason Hwang. Together, they examine a range of symptoms and offer proven solutions. YOU’LL DISCOVER HOW

The Innovative University illustrates how higher education canrespond to the forces of disruptive innovation, and offers a nuanced and hopeful analysis of where the traditional university and its traditions have come from and how it needs to change for the future. Through an examination of Harvard and BYU-Idaho as well as other stories of innovation in higher education, Clayton Christensen and Henry Eyring decipher how universities can find innovative, less costly ways of performing their uniquely valuable functions.Offers new ways forward to deal with curriculum, faculty issues, enrollment, retention, graduation rates, campus facility usage, and a host of other urgent issues in higher educationDiscusses a strategic model to ensure economic vitality at the traditional universityContains novel insights into the kind of change that is necessary to move institutions of higher education forward in innovative waysThis book uncovers how the traditional university survives by breaking with tradition, but thrives by building on what it's done best.

The best of Clayton Christensen’s seminal work on disruptive innovation, all in one place. No business can afford to ignore the theory of disruptive innovation. But the nuances of Clayton Christensen’s foundational thinking on the subject are often forgotten or misinterpreted. To achieve continuing growth in your business while defending against upstarts, you need to understand clearly what disruption is and how it works, and know how it applies to your industry and your company. In this collection of Christensen’s most influential articles―carefully selected by Harvard Business Review ’s editors―his incisive arguments, clear theories, and readable stories give you the tools you need to understand disruption and what to do about it. The collection features Christensen’s newest article looking back on 20 years of disruptive what it is, and what it isn’t. Covering a broad spectrum of topics―business model innovation, mergers and acquisitions, value-chain shifts, financial incentives, product development―these articles illuminate the impact and implications of disruptive innovation as well as Christensen’s broader thinking on management theory and its application in business and in life. This collection of best-selling articles “Disruptive Catching the Wave,” by Joseph L. Bower and Clayton M. Christensen, “Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change,” by Clayton M. Christensen and Michael Overdorf, “Marketing The Cause and the Cure,” by Clayton M. Christensen, Scott Cook, and Taddy Hall, “Innovation How Financial Tools Destroy Your Capacity to Do New Things,” by Clayton M. Christensen, Stephen P. Kaufman, and Willy C. Shih, “Reinventing Your Business Model,” by Mark W. Johnson, Clayton M. Christensen, and Henning Kagermann, “The New M&A Playbook,” by Clayton M. Christensen, Richard Alton, Curtis Rising, and Andrew Waldeck, “Skate to Where the Money Will Be,” by Clayton M. Christensen, Michael E. Raynor, and Matthew Verlinden, “Surviving Disruption,” by Maxwell Wessel and Clayton M. Christensen, “What Is Disruptive Innovation?” by Clayton M. Christensen, Michael E. Raynor, and Rory McDonald, “Why Hard-Nosed Executives Should Care About Management Theory,” by Clayton M. Christensen and Michael E. Raynor, and “How Will You Measure Your Life?” by Clayton M. Christensen.

Clayton Christensen's definitive works on innovation--offered together for the first timeWill you fall victim to disruptive innovation--or become a disruptor yourself? Tip the odds in your favor with the bestselling books that have made Christensen one of the world's foremost authorities on innovation. You'll also get his award-winning HBR article, full of inspiration for finding meaning and happiness in your life using the principles of business.The 4-volume collection includes:The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to FailIn one of the most influential business books of our time, Christensen introduced the world to the concept of disruptive innovation, showing how even the most outstanding companies can do everything right--yet still lose market leadership. Don't repeat their mistakes.The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful GrowthCiting in-depth research and theories tested in hundreds of companies across many industries, Christensen and co-author Michael Raynor provide the tools organizations need to become disruptors themselves.The Innovator's DNA: Mastering the Five Skills of Disruptive InnovatorsChristensen and coauthors Jeffrey Dyer and Hal Gregersen identify behaviors of the world's best innovators--from leaders at Amazon and Apple to those at Google, Skype, and the Virgin Group--to show how you and your team can unlock the code to generating and executing more innovative ideas."How Will You Measure Your Life?" (HBR article)At Harvard Business School, Clayton Christensen teaches aspiring MBAs how to apply management and innovation theories to build stronger companies. But he also believes that these models can help people lead better lives. In this award-winning Harvard Business Review article, he explains how, exploring questions everyone needs to ask: How can I be happy in my career? How can I be sure that my relationship with my family is an enduring source of happiness? And how can I live my life with integrity?

In this seminal article, innovation experts Clayton Christensen, Stephen P. Kaufman, and Willy C. Shih explore the key reasons why companies struggle to innovate. The authors uncover common mistakes companies make--from focusing on the wrong customers to choosing the wrong products to develop--that can derail innovation efforts, and offer a better way forward for management teams who want to avoid these obstacles and get innovation right.

¿Cómo encuentro personas innovadoras para mi organización? ¿Y cómo puedo ser yo más innovador? A partir del estudio de las estrategias de negocio creativas y de los hábitos de los empresarios que las lideran, los autores identifican cinco «aptitudes de descubrimiento» que distinguen a los directivos más creativos: asociar, cuestionar, observar, experimentar y crear una red de contactos. En su conjunto, esas aptitudes constituyen el ADN del innovador. Y la buena noticia es que, si no has nacido con él, puedes cultivarlo. Para adentrarse en el terreno de lo nuevo, las empresas necesitan una hoja de ruta que se resume en tres pasos simples: el primero, pensar en la oportunidad de satisfacer a un cliente real; el segundo, fijar cómo la empresa obtendrá provecho dando respuesta a esa necesidad, y el tercero, comparar ese modelo con el modelo de negocio existente para adaptarlo y aprovechar así la oportunidad. Los dos estudios aquí reunidos muestran cómo el crecimiento transformador suele ser fruto de innovaciones tecnológicas o de producto cuando estas van acompañadas de un modelo de negocios adecuado y eficaz. Los IMPRESCINDIBLES de Conecta, en colaboración con Harvard Business Review, permiten acceder a las grandes ideas de los autores de referencia que inspiran a directivos y profesionales. Este volumen reúne los textos «Reinventa tu modelo de negocio», de Mark W. Johnson, Clayton M. Christensen y Henning Kagermann, y «El ADN de los innovadores», de Jeffrey H. Dyer, Hal B. Gregersen y Clayton M. Christensen, básicos para abordar la gestión de la innovación tecnológica en una economía disruptiva.

Clay Christensen is world-renowned in the field of innovation. His book is the first general manager's instruction kit for managing innovation. It was developed from Christensen's Harvard course and it helps students and managers learn to address the issues related to managing innovation more effectively. Its first purpose is to help them understand the challenges of coordination and interoperability in innovation and to equip them with the tools to manage these complex interactions effectively. Its second purpose it to help future managers develop an intuition for sorting out symptoms from their underlying causes and to give them vicarious experience, through case studies, in resolving those root causes.

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Although most executives believe they make the crucial decisions in their organizations, in fact it is a company's customers who effectively control what it can and cannot do. Through a survival-of-the-fittest mechanism, those firms that rise to prominence in their industries generally will be those whose people and processes are most keenly tuned to giving their customers what they want. This chapter emphasizes that if new technologies are not yet accepted by a company's customer base, it may often be advisable to create an independent, embedded organization focused on the disruptive opportunity before moving the whole company in the new direction.This chapter was originally published as chapter 5 of "The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail."

Clayton Christensen, Carl Shapiro, Hal Varian, Larry Downes, Chunka Mui, Lowell Bryan. These are the minds lighting the path for business in the new millennium. For a limited time, you can buy The Innovator's Dilemma, Information Rules, Unleashing the Killer App, and Race for the World at 30% off, and Amazon.com will include Harvard Business Review on Breakthrough Thinking for free. About The Innovator's Dilemma At the heart of The Innovator's Dilemma is how a successful company with established products keeps from being pushed aside by newer, cheaper products that will, over time, get better and become a serious threat. Christensen writes that even the best-managed companies, in spite of their attention to customers and continual investment in new technology, are susceptible to failure no matter what the industry, be it hard disk drives or consumer retailing. Succinct and clearly written, The Innovator's Dilemma is an important book that belongs on every manager's bookshelf. --Harry C. Edwards About Information Rules Shapiro and Varian go to great lengths to purge this book of the technobabble and forecasting of an electronic woo-woo land that's typical in books of this genre. Instead, with their feet on the ground, they consider how to market and distribute goods in the network economy, citing examples from industries as diverse as airlines, software, entertainment, and communications. The authors cover issues such as pricing, intellectual property, versioning, lock-in, compatibility, and standards. Clearly written and presented, Information Rules belongs on the bookshelf of anyone who has an interest in this economy--entrepreneurs, managers, investors, students. If there was ever a textbook written on how to do business in the information age, this book is it. --Harry C. Edwards About "Unleashing the Killer App Unleashing the Killer App provides an excellent framework for rethinking the nature of business in today's wired economy. No matter what the size of your company or what it does--health care, publishing, or fast food--there's probably a killer app lurking somewhere. This book will help you find it. --Harry C. Edwards About Race for the World The authors see world economic integration spurred on by new access to capital markets, advances in computing and communication technologies, and a rapid decline in government influence. While some companies, such as Cisco, Enron, General Electric, and Yahoo! should reap tremendous benefits, most are moving too slowly, according to these consultants. The book provides many strategies for success in the next millennium and includes chapters on the importance of market capitalizations, for example, and building "superior intangibles--intellectual property, talent, brands and networks." Race for the World is a stimulating read for managers, investors, and others interested in the future of business. --Dan Ring

Extracts powerful lessons for all managers on how to create a culture that consistently exceeds customer expectations Berry is the recipient of many awards, including the Career Contributions to Services Marketing Award from the American Marketing Association's Services Marketing Special Interest Group and the Pinnacle Award as Marketing Educator of the Year from Sales and Marketing Executives International Berry will be doing many speaking engagements in conjunction with Mayo Clinic

Clayton M. Christensen, the Kim B. Clark Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, Dina Wang, of the Forum for Growth and Innovation at Harvard Business School, and Derek van Bever, a senior lecturer at Harvard Business School, report on how not even the most prestigious management consultancies are immune to the forces of change.This article was first published in the October 2013 issue of Harvard Business Review.

Paradoxul cresterii unei firme In cel mai bun caz, numai o companie din zece e capabila sa sustina in timp o crestere profitabila. Si totusi, pietele de capital pretind ca toate companiile sa creasca si le pedepsesc fara mila pe cele care esueaza. Dar de ce este cresterea constanta si substantiala atat de dificil de obtinut? Surprinzator, nu e din cauza lipsei de idei bune sau de manageri capabili. ªi nici din cauza unor clienti prea nestatornici sau a inovatiei imprevizibile. Initiativele de afaceri esueaza — afirma Clayton M. Christensen si Michael E. Raynor — deoarece firmele isi spoliaza in mod nechibzuit propriul potential disruptiv, inainte ca ideile noi cu adevarat bune sa apuce macar sa prinda contur. Cartea de fata arata cum pot companiile sa rezolve aceasta dilema, creand ele insele disruptii de piata, in loc sa se lase distruse de acestea. Bazandu-se pe ani de cercetari aprofundate si pe exemple concrete din multe companii mari, autorii afirma ca inovatia poate fi un proces predictibil, care sa determine in final cresterea profitabila si sustenabila. Christensen si Raynor identifica, mai intai, fortele care-i imping pe manageri sa ia decizii inoportune tocmai in procesul de inchegare a noilor idei de afaceri. Apoi, autorii pun la dispozitia managerilor un nou cadru de lucru, destinat sa-i ajute pe acestia in demersul de creare a conditiilor potrivite, la momentul potrivit. In cele din urma, disruptia astfel realizata va avea succes. Iata cateva dintre problemele la care aceasta carte da — Cum ne dam seama daca o idee are potential disruptiv sau nu? — Ce situatii concurentiale avantajeaza companiile stabile si care ii favorizeaza pe nou-veniti? — Ce segmente de consumatori vizam mai intai, daca avem o oferta inedita? — Ce activitati ar trebui externalizate si care ar trebui pastrate in interiorul companiei? — De unde ar trebui sa provina banii cu care finantam o noua afacere?

Il testo che ha cambiato le basi del management strategico! In questa nuova edizione, viene proposto arricchito dalla prefazione di Marc Benioff, Presidente, Ceo e Cofondatore di Salesforce.

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Erweiterte zweite Auflage mit einem neuen Vorwort von Marc Benioff, CEO von Salesforce, und Reflexionen zum Dilemma des InnovatorsSeit seiner Veröffentlichung wurde „The Innovator's Dilemma“ mehr als eineinhalb Millionen Mal verkauft. Der „Economist“ bezeichnete es als eines der wichtigsten Wirtschaftsbücher überhaupt. Es soll eines der wenigen Bücher in Steve Jobs' spartanischen Bücherschränken gewesen sein – Jobs sagte später seinem Biografen Walter Isaacson, dass es ihn tiefgreifend beeinflusst habe, und führte Clayton M. Christensens Gedanken in Apples unermüdlichem Streben nach Innovation an. Jahre später, ein Zeichen für die Nachhaltigkeit von Christensens Ideen, schrieb Reed Hastings, CEO von Netflix, einen Großteil des Erfolgs seines Unternehmens Christensens Schriften zu. Er verteilte das Buch an seine Führungskräfte und hielt sogar eine Klausurtagung ab, um es während des existenziellen Kampfes von Netflix gegen Blockbuster zu besprechen.„Das Buch über das derzeitige Dilemma, das die Automobilindustrie und andere Branchen erleben, deren Geschäftsmodelle viele Jahrzehnte lang mit fossilen Brennstoffen verknüpft waren, stammt aus dem Jahr 1997. ... Darin stehen viele Sätze, die man unter anderem den Chefs von BMW und Mercedes einmal laut vorlesen möchte.“SPIEGEL am 07.07.2024„Die Beschäftigung mit Christensens Ideen ist für Praktiker wie Wissenschaftler gleichermaßen gewinnbringend.“ FAZ vom 27.12.2011

The definitive books on one of the most influential business ideas of our time, disruptive innovation.His work is cited by the world's best-known thought leaders, from Steve Jobs to Malcolm Gladwell. In these classic bestsellers, innovation expert Clayton Christensen shows how even the most outstanding companies can do everything right—yet still lost market leadership. In The Innovator's Dilemma, Christensen presents his theory of disruptive innovation and explains that, no matter the industry, a successful company with established products will get pushed aside unless managers know how and when to abandon traditional business practices. In The Innovator's Solution, Christensen and his coauthor, Michael Raynor, expand on the idea of disruption, showing how companies can and should become disruptors themselves. Sharp, cogent, and provocative, these are the two books that no manager, leader, or entrepreneur should be without.

No seu bestseller internacional «O Dilema da Inovação», Clayton M. Christensen expôs o paradoxo esmagador que está por trás do fracasso de muitos líderes da indú ao concentrarem-se demasiado em agradar aos seus clientes mais rentáveis, estas empresas abriram caminho para a sua própria morte ao ignorarem as tecnologias disruptivas que evoluíram agressivamente para as substituir. Em« A Solução da Inovação», Christensen e Michael E. Raynor ajudam todas as empresas a perceber como se podem tornar elas próprias agentes de disrupção.Leitura obrigatória para líderes e empresários em início de carreira.