
born 12 July 100 BC died 15 March 44 BC Statesman and historian Julius Caesar, fully named Gaius Julius Caesar, general, invaded Britain in 55 BC, crushed the army of the politician Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in 48 BC, pursued other enemies to Egypt, installed Cleopatra as queen in 47 BC, and returned to Rome, and the people in 45 BC gave him a mandate to rule as dictator for life; Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus feared that he intended to establish a monarchy and led a group of republicans, who on 15 March 44 BC murdered him. Marcus Licinius Crassus joined Caesar and Pompey in the first triumvirate to challenge the power of the senate in 60 BC. Pompey with Caesar and Crassus formed a ruling triumvirate from 60 BC to 53 BC, but Caesar later defeated Pompey. Caesar conquered Iberian peoples of Aquitania in 56 BC. Cassius led members of the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar. Brutus conspired to assassinate Caesar. After his assassination, Gaius Octavius, his grandnephew, in 44 BC took the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, to whom English texts often refer simply as Octavian. He notably authored Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events to the demise and the rise of the empire. In 60 BC, Caesar and Marcus Licinius Crassus formed an alliance that dominated for several years. Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Marcus Tullius Cicero among the Optimates within the senate opposed their attempts to amass power as Populares. Victories of Caesar in the Gallic wars, completed before 51 BC, extended territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. Caesar first then built a bridge across the Rhine and crossed the channel. After the death of Crassus in 53 BC, his rival realigned with the senate, but these achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse the standing. With the Gallic wars concluded, the senate ordered Caesar to step from his military. Caesar refused the order and instead crossed the Rubicon with the thirteenth legion, left his province, and illegally entered Italy under arms to mark his defiance in 49 BC. Civil war resulted, and victory put Caesar him in an unrivalled position of power and influence. Julius Caesar assumed control of government and afterward began a program of social reforms, including the creation of the calendar. He centralized the bureaucracy, and proclamation "in perpetuity" eventually gave him additional authority. Nevertheless, people resolved not the underlying conflicts, and on the ides, 15 March 44 BC, rebellious senators assassinated Caesar. We know much from own accounts of military campaigns of Caesar and from other contemporary sources, mainly the letters and speeches of Cicero and the writings of Gaius Sallustius Crispus. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus and Mestrius Plutarchus wrote the later biographies, also major sources. Many people consider supreme military greatness of Caesar. People regarded Caesar during his time of the best orators and prose authors in Latin; even Cicero spoke highly of his rhetoric and style. Only war commentaries of Caesar survived. From other works, other authors quote a few sentences. He wrote his funeral oration for Julia, his paternal aunt, among his lost works. Cicero published praise; in response, he wrote Anticato , a document, to defame Cato. Ancient sources also mention poems of Julius Caesar. A new series of civil wars broke, and people never restored the constitutional government. Octavian, adopted heir of Gaius Julius Caesar, defeated his opponents in the civil war and afterward rose to sole power as Augustus. Octavian set about solidifying his power, and the era of the empire began.
Originally composed for propaganda purposes, Julius Caesar's war diary is one of the earliest examples of a military science manual, detailing arms technology, tactical maneuvers, battlefield politics, espionage, intelligence and even the role played by luck in ground and sea campaigns. This new 2017 print edition of The Gallic Wars includes a revised translation with modern spelling and punctuation. There is also an image gallery.
A military leader of legendary genius, Caesar was also a great writer, recording the events of his life with incomparable immediacy and power. The Civil War is a tense and gripping depiction of his struggle with Pompey over the leadership of Republican Rome - a conflict that spanned the entire Roman world, from Gaul and Spain to Asia and Africa. Where Caesar's own account leaves off in 48 BC, his lieutenants take up the history, describing the vital battles of Munda, Spain and Thapsus, and the installation of Cleopatra, later Caesar's mistress, as Queen of Egypt. Together these narratives paint a full picture of the events that brought Caesar supreme power - and paved the way for his assassination only months later.For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
This complete edition of Caesar's Commentaries contains all eight of Caesar's books on the Gallic War as well as all three of his books on the Civil War masterfully translated into English by W. A. MacDevitt. Caesar's Commentaries are an outstanding account of extraordinary events by one of the most exceptional men in the history of the world. Julius Caesar himself was one of the most eminent writers of the age in which he lived. His commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars are written with a purity, precision, and perspicuity, which command approbation. They are elegant without affectation, and beautiful without ornament. Of the two books which he composed on Analogy, and those under the title of Anti-Cato, scarcely any fragment is preserved; but we may be assured of the justness of the observations on language, which were made by an author so much distinguished by the excellence of his own compositions. His poem entitled The Journey, which was probably an entertaining narrative, is likewise totally lost. All of Caesar's works that remain intact are contained in this edition of his commentaries.It is to the honor of Caesar, that when he had obtained the supreme power, he exercised it with a degree of moderation beyond what was generally expected by those who had fought on the side of the Republic. His time was almost entirely occupied with public affairs, in the management of which, though he employed many agents, he appears to have had none in the character of actual minister.Caesar deprecated a lingering death, and wished that his own might be sudden and speedy. And the day before he died, the conversation at supper, in the house of Marcus Lepidus, turning upon what was the most eligible way of dying, he gave his opinion in favor of a death that is sudden and unexpected. He died in the fifty-sixth year of his age, and was ranked amongst the Gods.
Gallic War - Civil War - Alexandrian War - African War - Spanish WarBetween 58 and 50 B.C., Caesar led his army to twice invade Britain and conquer most of the land that is now France, Belgium, and Switzerland. The Gallic Wars served two purposes: to offer a record of Caesar's travels and insights into his military strategies, and to present the Roman public with a portrait of Caesar as a compelling, effective leader - which would be a key part of his public image as he fought off his rivals for control of the empire. Caesar chronicles his struggle to rule in The Civil Wars, from his crossing of the Rubicon in 49 B.C. through the death of his chief rival, Pompey, and the ongoing efforts of Pompey's heirs and followers to remove Caesar from power. As with the other volumes in the Landmark series, this edition - edited by Robert B. Strassler and Kurt A. Raaflaub - supplements the text with detailed maps, images, and annotations to place the work in historical and political context. And with stunning endpapers and color graphics, this beautifully produced, large-format hardcover makes a terrific gift for history and classics enthusiasts.
Reprint of the 1957 edition.Book I of Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War starts with an account of Gaul and goes on to cover Caesar's defeat of first the Helvetians and then the Germans under Ariovistus. The Introduction to this edition of the Latin text, first published in 1957, gives background information on the Rome of Caesar's time, on Caesar himself and on the composition and reliability of his commentaries, on Gaul, and on the Roman Army. Useful maps are provided, along with Notes on the text, Index of names, and a Vocabulary.
Introduction by Moses HadasGallic War, I-VIIICivil War, I-IIIAlexandrine, African & Spanish WarsFragmentsGazetterMap of the Roman Empire at his DeathMap of Gaul
This school edition gives the Latin text of Book II of Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico , with an Introduction givingbackground information on Gaul, the military situation, the Roman army, the author and his book. The extensive grammatical notes give considerable help to the student. A vocabulary is included.
by Gaius Julius Caesar
Rating: 4.1 ⭐
The Gallic War, published on the eve of the civil war which led to the end of the Roman Republic, is an autobiographical account written by one of the most famous figures of European history. This new translation reflects the purity of Caesar's Latin while preserving the pace and flow of his momentous narrative. As well as an introduction and notes, this edition offers maps, a table of dates, and a glossary.On one level a straightforward narrative of the campaigns Caesar fought against the Gauls, Germans and Britons, it also serves a deeper political purpose, revealing him as a commander of breathtaking flair, courage and persistence—a man of the people, a man without rival.This new translation reflects the purity of Caesar's Latin while preserving the pace and flow of his momentous narrative of the conquest of Gaul and the first Roman invasions of Britain and Germany. The introduction includes a survey of Caesar's role and reputation in later thought, while detailed notes, maps, a table of dates, and glossary make this the most useful edition available.
This is a new edition of The Complete Commentaries of Julius Caesar. Including The Commentaries on The War in Gaul and The Roman Civil War. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Caesar's conquest of Gaul, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both when he built a bridge across the Rhine and conducted the first invasion of Britain. Caesar marched on Rome with one legion from Gaul to Italy, crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC. This sparked a civil war from which he emerged as the unrivaled leader of the Roman world.
by Gaius Julius Caesar
Rating: 3.9 ⭐
`All over Italy men were conscripted & weapons requisitioned. Money was exacted from towns & taken from shrines. All the laws of god & man were overturned.' The Civil War is Caesar's account of the celebrated war between himself & Pompey, from his crossing of the Rubicon in January 49 B.C. to Pompey's death & the start of the Alexandrian War in the autumn of the following year. His unfinished account of the continuing struggle with Pomepy's heirs & followers is completed by the three anonymous accounts of the Alexandrian, African & Spanish Wars, which bring the story down to within a year of his assassination in March 44 B.C. This annotated edition places the war in context, enabling readers to grasp it in detail & as a whole.
This text provides unadapted Latin passages from the Commentarii De Bello Book 1.1 7; Book 4.24 35 and the first sentence of Chapter 36; Book 5.24 48; Book 6.13 20 and the English of Books 1, 6, and 7 It includes all the required English and Latin selections from Caesar's De Bello Gallico for the 2012-2013 AP* Curriculum. Introduction includes historical context, an overview of the Roman army, and Caesar as General, Politician, and Writer Latin text accompanied by same-page notes (grammatical, literary, historical, contextual) Same-page running vocabulary Pull-out vocabulary Complete Latin-English glossary Online grammatical appendix Select bibliography Eight newly-created maps 19 black-and-white illustrations Figures of Speech
In this volume are three works concerning the campaigns engaged in by the great Roman statesman Julius Caesar (100–44 BCE), but not written by him. The Alexandrian War , which deals with troubles elsewhere also, may have been written by Aulus Hirtius (ca. 90–43 BCE, friend and military subordinate of Caesar), who is generally regarded as the author of the last book of Caesar’s Gallic War . The African War and the Spanish War are detailed accounts clearly by officers who had shared in the campaigns. All three works are important sources of our knowledge of Caesar’s career.The Loeb Classical Library edition of Caesar is in three volumes.
Book VI of Caesar's description of his campaigns in Gaul deals with events of 53 BC, teh year after his major expedition to Britain. He suppresses revolts in Northern Gaul and crosses the Rhine to deal with maurauding Germans, then pursues the chieftain Ambiorix into the Ardennes, leaving Q. Cicero (the orator's younger brother) at Arduatuca with the Fourteenth Legion where the camp is attacked and casualties inflicted by German forces. The central section contains a description of the customs of the northern Gauls and Germans, in particular the practices of Druidism.Full annotation on linguistic matters, and a comprehensive vocabulary, makes this book ideal for post-beginners tackling their first Latin prose, or preparing for examination.
by Gaius Julius Caesar
Rating: 3.9 ⭐
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by Gaius Julius Caesar
Rating: 4.1 ⭐
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Traducción de: Bellum Gallicum. Julio César ; con notas de Napoleón ; [traducción directa del latín, José Goya Muniáin y Manuel Balbuena]. Cayo Julio César, que es uno de los tres más grandes capitanesde la Historia con Alejandro Magno y con Napoleón, es también unode los tres más considerables historiadores latinos, con Cayo CrispoSalustio y con Tito Livio, formando el ejemplar triunvirato del períodoclásico por excelencia, período verdaderamente «áureo» de las letraslatinas. Y Julio César es todo esto, tiene tal significación,precisamente como historiador de sí mismo, narrador de sus propiashazañas guerreras y de su política.Había en él, además de un excepcional militar y un no menosextraordinario estadista y gobernante, un admirable literato, másplural o polifacético de lo que, por lo común, suele saberse; unliterato al que, por haberse perdido varias de sus obras ajenas algénero histórico, no podemos juzgar en su integridad y de mododirecto, pero sin duda no muy inferior al historiador en el cultivo deotras manifestaciones literarias, distintas a lo histórico; un literato, enfin, autor del poema El viaje, de la tragedia Edipo y de otrascreaciones poéticas, del Anti-Catón, de una astronomía De astris y deun tratado acerca de los augures y los auspicios.Con todo, le bastan sus obras de carácter histórico, sobre lahistoria que él mismo vivió e hizo, protagonizándola, para que lejuzguemos conforme se dice al principio de estas líneas; obrasevidentemente originales, redactadas sin asistencia de personaalguna, en las que, lejos de imitar, se haría digno de imitación,afirmando notables cualidades y condiciones de historiador, demaestro de la historia narrativa. Sobrio y preciso, claro y metódico,brillante y colorista sin alardes, de acuerdo con la austeridad y laseveridad propias del género en sus más dignas concepciones..., asíes Julio César, historiador de sí mismo.
Book V of Julius Caesar's memoirs of the Gallic War covers his second assault on Britain in 54 BC and defeat of the British commander Cassivellaunus, his return to Gaul and his campaigns against the Belgae. This school edition consists of the Latin text with introduction and notes.
De Bello Gallico and Other Commentaries (The War Commentaries of Julius The War in Gaul and The Civil War)' is a collection of war writings by Julius Caesar. Included in this volume are the first hand recollections of one the most important figures in the history of human civilization, Julius Caesar. (Goodreads)
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Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.) is one of the most famous men in history, and his name was used to denote the status of emperor throughout European countries like Italy, Germany, and Russia nearly 2,000 years after his famous assassination.Before he won the civil war against Pompey the Great and ended the Roman Republic permanently, Caesar became a man of power and fame in modern day France, leading armies in the Gallic campaign. Moreover, Caesar wrote extensively about the campaign, giving readers a fantastic primary account of the history of the times. It was after the Gallic campaign that Caesar would eventually lead his legions across the Rubicon and into Italy, starting the civil war that he would ultimately win.
Гай Юлій Цезар (100–44 рр. до н. е.) — видатний давньоримський державний і політичний діяч, полководець, письменник, всевладдя якого знаменувало вирішальний перехід від республіканського ладу до імперії. Військова діяльність Цезаря на теренах Західної Європи в дохристиянський період докорінно змінила її культурний та політичний простір і залишила помітний слід у житті майбутніх поколінь європейців. «Нотатки про війну з галлами» мають особливу цінність, адже їхній автор — безпосередній учасник описуваних подій — полководець Цезар. У перервах між боями він занотовував побачене, пережите. Твір Цезаря, доповнений восьмою книгою, написаною його соратником, полководцем Авлом Гірцієм, став класикою історичної літератури. Переклад «Нотаток» українською мовою виходить уперше.
This school edition of Caesar's Gallic War book III contains an introduction giving background and context, the Latin text, notes on the text and vocabulary.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfectionssuch as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact,or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed worksworldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition ++++De Bello Gallico Libri IV Caesars's Gallic War; Gildersleeve-Lodge Latin SeriesJulius CaesarHeath, 1903
• This e-book publication is a unique translation of a great Roman Emperor.• A new table of contents with working links to the individual chapters has been included by a publisher.• This edition has been proof-read and corrected for spelling and grammatical errors.From Chapter Caesar, advancing by moderate journeys, and continuing his march without intermission, arrived at Lilybaeum, on the 14th day before the calends of January. Designing to embark immediately, though he had only one legion of new levies, and not quite six hundred horses, he ordered his tent to be pitched so near the sea-side that the waves lashed the very foot of it. This he did with a view that none should think he had time to delay, and that his men might be kept in readiness at a day or an hour's warning. Though the wind at that time was contrary, he nevertheless detained the soldiers and mariners on board, that he might lose no opportunity of sailing; the rather, because the forces of the enemy were announced by the inhabitants of the province, to consist of innumerable cavalry not to be numbered; four legions headed by Juba, together with a great body of light-armed troops; ten legions under the command of Scipio; a hundred and twenty elephants, and fleets in abundance. Yet he was not alarmed, nor lost his confident hopes and spirits. Meantime the number of galleys and transports increased daily; the new-levied legions flocked in to him from all parts; among the rest the fifth, a veteran legion, and about two thousand horse.
Galski, građanski, Aleksandrijski, Afrički i Španjolski rast Julija Cezara, u jednom tomu.
This selection from Caesar's Gallic War, intended for use in schools, includes the following passages in Latin: Book IV, chapters 20-36, and Book V, chapters 8-23. These cover Caesar's expeditions to Britain in 55 and 54 BC. The text in Latin is supplemented by an introduction and notes on the text in English.
by Gaius Julius Caesar
Rating: 4.6 ⭐
(Bellum Civile, cum libris incertorum auctorum de Bello Alexandrino, Africo, Hispaniensi.) Edited by R. L. A. Du Pontet.