Eugene Rogan

The internationally bestselling definitive history of the Arab world, named a best book of the year by the Financial Times, the Economist, and the Atlantic -- now updated to cover the latest developments in the Middle East In this groundbreaking and comprehensive account of the Middle East, award-winning historian Eugene Rogan draws extensively on five centuries of Arab sources to place the Arab experience in its crucial historical context. This landmark book covers the Arab world from North Africa through the Arabian Peninsula, exploring every facet of modern Arab history. Starting with the Ottoman conquests of the sixteenth century, Rogan follows the story of the Arabs through the era of European imperialism and the superpower rivalries of the Cold War to the present age of American hegemony, charting the evolution of Arab identity and the struggles for national sovereignty throughout. In this updated edition, Rogan untangles the latest geopolitical developments of the region. The Arabs is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the modern Arab world.

In 1914 the Ottoman Empire was depleted of men and resources after years of war against Balkan nationalist and Italian forces. But in the aftermath of the assassination in Sarajevo, the powers of Europe were sliding inexorably toward war, and not even the Middle East could escape the vast and enduring consequences of one of the most destructive conflicts in human history. The Great War spelled the end of the Ottomans, unleashing powerful forces that would forever change the face of the Middle East.In The Fall of the Ottomans, award-winning historian Eugene Rogan brings the First World War and its immediate aftermath in the Middle East to vivid life, uncovering the often ignored story of the region's crucial role in the conflict. Bolstered by German money, arms, and military advisors, the Ottomans took on the Russian, British, and French forces, and tried to provoke Jihad against the Allies in their Muslim colonies. Unlike the static killing fields of the Western Front, the war in the Middle East was fast-moving and unpredictable, with the Turks inflicting decisive defeats on the Entente in Gallipoli, Mesopotamia, and Gaza before the tide of battle turned in the Allies' favor. The great cities of Baghdad, Jerusalem, and, finally, Damascus fell to invading armies before the Ottomans agreed to an armistice in 1918.The postwar settlement led to the partition of Ottoman lands between the victorious powers, and laid the groundwork for the ongoing conflicts that continue to plague the modern Arab world. A sweeping narrative of battles and political intrigue from Gallipoli to Arabia, The Fall of the Ottomans is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the Great War and the making of the modern Middle East.

‘A superb account of the 1860 Damascus massacres—much neglected nowadays but central to the creation of the modern Middle East’ Simon Sebag Montefiore‘A stunning portrait of the Ottoman Empire and of Damascus during a time of crisis. Absolutely riveting’ Peter FrankopanThis remarkable book recreates one of the watershed moments in the history of the Middle the ferocious outbreaks of disorder across the Levant in 1860 which resulted in the massacre of thousands of Christians in Damascus.Eugene Rogan brilliantly recreates the lost world of the Middle East under Ottoman rule. The once mighty empire was under pressure from global economic change and European imperial expansion. Reforms in the mid-nineteenth century raised tensions across the empire, nowhere more so than in Damascus. A multifarious city linked by caravan trade to Baghdad, the Mediterranean and Mecca, the chaos of languages, customs and beliefs made Damascus a warily tolerant place. Until the reforms began to advantage the minority Christian community at the expense of the Muslim majority.But in 1860 people who had generally lived side by side for generations became bitter enemies as news of civil war in Mount Lebanon arrived in the city. Under the threat of a French expeditionary force, the Ottomans dealt with the disaster effectively and ruthlessly - but the old, generally quite tolerant Damascene world lay in ruins. It would take a quarter of a century to restore stability and prosperity to the Syrian capital.This is both an essential book for understanding the emergence of the modern Middle East from the destruction of the old Ottoman world, and a uniquely gripping story.

Using new archival material from Ottoman, Arabic and European sources, Eugene Rogan documents the case of Transjordan to provide a theoretically informed account of how the Ottoman state restructured itself during the last decades of its empire. In so doing, he explores the idea of frontier as a geographical and cultural boundary and sheds light on the processes of state formation that led to the creation of the Middle East as it is today. The book concludes with an examination of the Ottoman legacy in the modern state of Jordan.

Inventing International Society is a narrative history of the English School of International Relations. After E.H. Carr departed from academic international relations in the late 1940s, Martin Wight became the most theoretically innovative scholar in the discipline. Wight found an institutional setting for his ideas in The British Committee, a group which Herbert Butterfield inaugurated in 1959. The book argues that this date should be regarded as the origin of a distinctive English School of International Relations. In addition to tracing the history of the School, the book argues that later English School scholars, such as Hedley Bull and R.J.Vincent, made a significant contribution to the new normative thinking in International Relations.

Das Osmanische Reich, jahrhundertelang einer der mächtigsten Player Europas, reichte zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts immer noch von Bosnien bis zum Persischen Golf. Als es 1914 überraschend auf der Seite Deutschlands und Österreich-Ungarns in den Krieg eintrat, veränderte dies die Kräfteverhältnisse und strategischen Überlegungen grundlegend! Hier, im Mittleren Osten, verläuft nun - neben der Westfront - die wichtigste, aber wenig verstandene Die beispiellose Invasion der Briten und Franzosen bei Gallipoli, die als Vorspiel zur Eroberung Istanbuls gedacht war, scheitert zwar vollständig. Trotzdem aber ist die Niederlage gegen die Entente-Mächte unausweichlich, und das Osmanische Reich muss den Weg frei machen für die Schaffung einer neuen Ordnung im Nahen Ostens, die bis heute nachwirkt.Eugene Rogan schildert eindrucksvoll den Kampf und endgültigen Untergang des Osmanischen Reiches von 1908/1914 bis 1920 und ermöglicht damit eine ganz neue, moderne Sicht auf den Ersten Weltkrieg.

El galardonado historiador narra la caída de una ciudad antigua en una espiral de violencia sin precedentes, una masacre que en 1860 marcaría el fin del antiguo orden otomano y el comienzo del Oriente Medio moderno.El 9 de julio de 1860, la ciudad de Damasco fue testigo de uno de los episodios más violentos de su historia. Una turba enfurecida arrasó los barrios cristianos, dejando a su paso una estela de destrucción y muerte. Durante ocho días, la ciudad se sumió en la violencia, dejando un saldo de cinco mil cristianos muertos y miles de tiendas, iglesias, casas y monasterios saqueados y arrasados.Eugene Rogan recrea el mundo perdido de Oriente Medio bajo el dominio otomano, sometido a la presión del cambio económico global y la expansión europea. Las reformas de mediados del siglo XIX aumentaron las tensiones en todo el imperio. En Damasco más que en ningún otro lugar, pues era una ciudad multifacética unida por el comercio de caravanas a Bagdad, el Mediterráneo y La Meca, donde el caos de idiomas, costumbres y creencias convivían en tolerancia. Hasta que las reformas comenzaron a beneficiar a la comunidad cristiana minoritaria a expensas de la mayoría musulmana.Este libro ofrece una perspectiva detallada y estremecedora de los sucesos que llevaron a la masacre de 1860 y de cómo una ciudad multicultural y pacífica se convirtió en escenario de una tragedia inimaginable. Pero Los sucesos de Damasco también es una historia de resiliencia y reconstrucción, pues el gobierno otomano actuó rápidamente para retomar el control de la ciudad, poner fin a la violencia y reintegrar a los cristianos a la comunidad. Estos esfuerzos por reconstruir Damasco fueron un éxito y preservaron la paz durante los siguientes 150 años, hasta 2011. El galardonado historiador Eugene Rogan narra la caída de una ciudad antigua en una espiral de violencia sin precedentes, una masacre que en 1860 marcaría el fin del antiguo orden otomano y el comienzo del Medio Oriente moderno.